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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Erythrina velutina ： ウィキペディア英語版 Erythrina velutina ''Erythrina velutina'' is a species of leguminous tree. It is indigenous to Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Hispaniola and has been introduced to much of the Caribbean, Uganda, and Sri Lanka. It also occurs on the Galápagos Islands, but whether it is indigenous or introduced there is unclear.〔LegumeWeb, 2010〕 In Brazil, it occurs on plains and near rivers in the arid parts of the northeast of the country〔Rabelo et al., 2001, p. 543〕 and is commonly known as "mulungu".〔Dantas et al., 2004, p. 129〕 ''Erythrina velutina'' grows as a large tree to around 10 m (30 ft) high and has short spines on the stem.〔Fawcett and Rendle, 1920, p. 51〕 It is perennial.〔 The species was first described in 1801 by Carl Ludwig Willdenow. Henry Nicholas Ridley described ''Erythrina aurantiaca'' as a species from Fernando de Noronha off the northeastern coast of Brazil, but this tree is now seen as only a form of ''E. velutina'', ''Erythrina velutina'' f. ''aurantiaca''.〔Krukoff, 1979, p. 443〕 On Fernando de Noronha, it flowers in the dry season.〔 There are 10 to 26 flowers per inflorescence, of which one to eight open each day. Flowers open early in the morning, between 6 and 6:30 am.〔Sazima et al., 2009, p. 27〕 They remain open for two days, but produce nectar only the first day. All native land vertebrates of the island, including the Noronha dove (''Zenaida auriculata noronha''), vireo (''Vireo gracilirostris''), elaenia (''Elaenia ridleyana''), and skink (''Trachylepis atlantica''), pollinate the species on Fernando de Noronha.〔Sazima et al., 2009, p. 26〕 No other ''Erythrina'' species is pollinated by doves or lizards.〔Sazima et al., 2009, p. 29〕 In northeastern Brazil, the bark of ''E. velutina'' is used in traditional medicine against sleepiness, convulsions, nervous coughs, and nervous excitation. Harvesting of bark for medicinal purposes poses a threat to the survival of the species; for this reason, several scientific studies of the medicinal effects of tree have used extract from the leaves instead.〔Carvalho et al., 2009, p. 374〕 In laboratory mice and rats, ''E. velutina'' extract prolongs sleep, inhibits motorial activity, and inhibits memory.〔Dantas et al., 2004, p. 132〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Erythrina velutina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.